Kalimat ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang mungkin terjadi bila syaratnya/keadaannya terpenuhi. Conditional sentence / kalimat bersyarat / pengandaian terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu :
1 If clause (syarat) 2 Main clause (hasil)
If she comes here, she will get a surprise.
If clause Main clause
| TYPE I (Future Possible) | TYPE II (Present Unreal) | TYPE III (Past Unreal) |
| If S.Pr.T + S.F.T (If 1 + 9) | If S.Ps.T + S.Ps.F.T (If 5 + 13) | If S.Ps.T + S.Ps.F.T (If 7 + 15) |
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Mengandaikan sesuatu dimasa yang akan datang. |
Mengandaikan sesuatu dimasa sekarang (berlawanan dengan kenyataan sekarang) |
Mengandaikan sesuatu dimasa lampau (berlawanan dengan kenyataan dimasa lampau) |
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If we study hard, we will get success
(no fact now) |
If my mother came here, I would kiss her
(the fact : she doesn’t come here) |
If he had driven his car carefully, He wouldn’t have gotten an accident. (the fact : He didn’t drive his car carefully) |
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Catatan pengganti If Unless (Jika ... tidak ) Otherwise (Jika ... tidak) Provided that (asalkan) Supposing (How If) |
Catatan pengganti If Unless (Seandainya .. tidak) Otherwise (Seandainya .. tidak) But for (jika tidak karena) Supposing (How If) |
Catatan pengganti If Unless (Jika ... tidak ) Otherwise (Jika ... tidak ) But for (jika tidak karena) Supposing (seandainya) |
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Notes : · Untuk Type II : Jika if clause menggunakan to be maka selalu menggunakan “were” untuk semua subyek. Contoh : 1.If she were a moon, he would be a star. (the fact : she is not a moon) 2.He would eat you if he were a tiger. (the fact : he is not a tiger) · Bentuk inversion and ellipsis dari Type II dan Type III : Contoh : 1.If she were a book, he would be a pen. (Were she a book, he would be a pen.) 2.If he had gone abroad, he would have bougth a car. (Had he gone abroad, he would have bougth a car.)
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